Understanding Media sectors 7.1
There
are many different media sectors.
TV
Television
is one of the biggest sectors with in the Media Industry with a lot of
competition that employs over 50,000 British people. TV broadcasts many
different types of TV programmes and films which i will get more into later on.
In the UK TV is dominated by a few main broadcasters or channels, however that
does not take anything from away from the smaller broadcasters. these main
broadcasters consist of:
The
BBC - a Public company which is funded by TV licence.
ITV
- this a privately owned company, 60% is owned by ITV PLC, it is also owned by
STV group PLC located in scotland and UTV located in Northern Ireland
Channel
4 - a private company funded by adverts
Channel
5 another private company - owned by Nothern & shell.
Radio
Radio
is one of the oldest forms of mass media as radios have been a common household
accesory long before TV sets were invented. Radios transmits sound-based media
to the likes of cars, TVs and just ordinary radios. There are three sections of
radio
Public
funded radio - funded by taxes
Commercial
Radio - funded by commercials
Community
and voluntary Radio - varies
Film:
The
film industry is one of the largest and most profitable sectors in the media
industry. In the UK alone it employs 27,800 people. 62% are employed in exhibition,
34% in production and the remaining 4% in distribution.
There
are six different components to the film industry; Development, production,
facilities, distribution, exhibition, and export.
The
film industry is dominated by many major companies: paramount, universal, 21st
century fox, disney, and many more. These multimillion pound companies tend to
produce the big blockbuster films, as they have bigger budgets to produce and
market the films.
There
are however, a few smaller film companies, such as Pinewood studios, a small
British film company. films produced by smaller studios tend to be small,
cult-film. However, these films can sometimes become successful, popular films.
Television & Film.
The
television sector and the film sector are connected by the fact that TV
channels often play films. There are also many TV channels that are dedicated
purely to showing films, such as Sky Movies.
Films
are also mainly advertised on TV, both the cinema and DVD releases.
When it comes to ownership, there are various forms that depend
on such things as licensing, government influence, intake of money and the care
of managerial roles.
The first is an Independent ownership. This
form of ownership is usually associated with smaller companies that work
outside bigger corporations. These companies have a lot more say in how the
company is run and control over their own work compared to other companies with
different forms of ownership.
Secondly,
there is Private ownership. A private ownership is
where a company is privately owned by a single person or several individuals.
The owners have a the ability to run the company how they want making decisions
on marketing, products, and how the company’s hierarchy works. It also means
that there is little to no government influence. Indie company’s are the most
common businesses that use this form of ownership because of the low employee
numbers working on projects.
Thirdly
there is a Conglomerate. A conglomerate is a corporation
made up of various different businesses. The company’s will operate separately,
the conglomerate hold the majority of stakes with regards to money.
Fourth is a Multinational ownership. A
multinational corporation is a company that operates in various parts of the
globe. They are usually comprised of a very large and wealthy company that has
the money and resources to expand internationally
DNAFILMS
DNA Films is a British film production company founded by
Andrew Macdonald and Duncan Kenworthy. DNA Films Merged with Search Fox
Light in xxxxxx, this means now that they are a single enterprise. Its a share
holders company, it is an Vertical Integration company because
it has the means of production, DNA produces and Fox Searchlights distributes
them and does their marketing. It’s Multinational as large corporation with
operations and subsidiaries in several different countries.
When it comes to ownership, there are
various forms that depend on such things as licensing, government influence,
intake of money and the care of managerial roles.
The
first is an Independent ownership. This
form of ownership is usually associated with smaller companies that work
outside bigger corporations. These companies have a lot more say in how the
company is run and control over their own work compared to other companies with
different forms of ownership.
Secondly,
there is Private ownership. A private
ownership is where a company is privately owned by a single person or several
individuals. The owners have a the ability to run the company how they want
making decisions on marketing, products, and how the company’s hierarchy works.
It also means that there is little to no government influence. Indie company’s
are the most common businesses that use this form of ownership because of the
low employee numbers working on projects.
Thirdly
there is a Conglomerate. A
conglomerate is a corporation made up of various different businesses. The
company’s will operate separately, the conglomerate hold the majority of stakes
with regards to money.
Fourth is a Multinational ownership. A
multinational corporation is a company that operates in various parts of the
globe. They are usually comprised of a very large and wealthy company that has
the money and resources to expand internationally
Below i will give an example of an
private ownership and a publicly owned organization
ITV
itv is privately owned and is funded by advertising. ITV
is a major commercial public service TV network in the UK. Launched on the 22nd
of september 1955 launched in 1955 under the auspices of the Independent
Television Authority to provide competition to the BBC, it is also the
oldest commercial network in the UK. ITV is owned by ITV plc, STV Group plc,
UTV Media and channel Television. ITV have a number of businesses such as ITV
1, ITV 2,ITV 3, ITV 4, ITV and ITV studios as well as ITV Player which is an
online service, that allows you to catch up on any missed ITV shows. ITV
is funded by advertising and sponsorship where as another broadcasting service
such as the BBC is funded by the government from the collection of licence
fees. Private ownership has a lot of advantages but it also has its
disadvantages, one advantage is that it runs only on advertising funds because
there are a lot of companies that want their products to be advertised on TV
and are willing to pay a lot of money. this is great for private
ownerships because the more popular the shows the more the
adverts cost.
BBC
Public service ownership is funded by the government, which everyone with a TV
pays for known as the tv licence. Companies that are government run have to
take on board the publics interests. for example is the public complain then
the company will make the changes. Also if a show doesn't get a lot of
views it will be cancelled. BBC is vertically integrated, this means a group of
companies that are linked through a ladder with a common owner. the companies
can co operate to produce the materials needed for production. Also, a company
can start to take over more aspects of producing and distributing of the end
product that sells in order to increase that companies dominance in the
marketplace.
